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Reinforcement of the two-stage leaching of laterite ores using surfactants

Peiyu Zhang, Hairui Wang, Jingcheng Hao, Jiwei Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 562-570 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1946-5

摘要： A two-stage leaching process, namely, high-pressure acid leaching-atmospheric acid leaching, was used to treat laterite ores under mild conditions. The leaching ratio of Ni was low because of adsorption and incomplete leaching. In this work, surfactants were used as additives to boost the leaching ratio of Ni. The effect of surfactant type (cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants) on the leaching ratio of Ni was investigated. Leaching results showed that stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC) apparently increased the leaching ratios of valuable metals. The variation in the physicochemical properties of the lixiviant and the residue improved the leaching ratio of Ni in the presence of STAC. Kinetics analysis indicated that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reaction.

关键词： laterite ore Ni surfactant acid leaching

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我国硫酸镍产业发展趋势及对策研究

任鑫,张艳飞,邢佳韵,崔博京,王良晨,王晓

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 40-48 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.005

摘要：

硫酸镍作为镍产业链中至关重要的一环，是支撑我国新能源汽车动力电池、电镀等领域发展的核心原料，其原料生产、冶炼加工、回收利用等技术发展方向和行业发展趋势都备受关注。本文梳理了我国硫酸镍产业的发展动态，总结了我国硫酸镍产量、技术等发展现状，分析了我国硫酸镍产业面临的主要问题及其发展趋势，认为我国硫酸镍发展面临的问题主要来自于原料供应紧张、碳排放强度高、回收体系不完善等。在此基础上，提出了面向2035 年的发展思路和发展目标，从注重供应体系的建立，促进多样化原料供应；促进技术创新，降低生产成本减少供应压力；加快发展再生镍行业，提高再生镍用量；加快推进我国企业国际化、产业一体化进程，提升核心竞争力等方面提出对策建议。期望以需求为导向，通过硫酸镍生产技术、原料供应、回收利用等体系的完善，促进我国硫酸镍产业持续健康发展。

关键词：硫酸镍；红土镍矿湿法冶炼；动力电池；回收利用

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Chromium steel from chromite ore processing residue----A valuable construction material from a waste

Jay N. MEEGODA, Wiwat KAMOLPORNWIJIT

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 159-166 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0325-3

摘要： As species we humans generate excessive amounts of waste and hence for sustainability we should explore innovative ways to recover them. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron from chromite ore processing residues (COPR) for the production of chrome steel and stainless steel. In Hudson County, New Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover COPR. Part of COPR was used as fill materials for construction sites, which spread the problem to a larger area. With high solubility along with their toxicity leached chromate from COPR is threatening the environment as well as human health. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron with chromium by applying techniques used in steel manufacturing. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and bench scale tests to thermally treat the processed chromium contaminated soils with carbon and sand at varying temperatures and under reducing environment. The optimum chemical composition of COPR and additives to be used in the melts were evaluated based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility of recovering a valuable construction material (chrome steel) from a waste (COPR).

关键词： chromite ore processing residue chromium steel reduction thermal treatment beneficial use

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姜涛院士：红土镍矿提取冶金与材料制备新进展（2022年8月14日）

2022年09月05日

关键词：冶金

The effect of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between

Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 464-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1356-z

摘要： The role of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between chalcopyrite and pyrite and low alloy steel balls were investigated in the grinding of Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper sulfide ore. All these factors strongly affect the galvanic current between the minerals and the steel during the grinding process. The galvanic current density decreased as the solution pH and percent solids increased. In addition, changing the water in the ball mill from tap to distilled water reduced the galvanic current between the minerals and the balls. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that pyrite and chalcopyrite demonstrated typical active-passive-transpassive anodic behavior in the grinding of copper ore. However, the nature of their transitions from the active to the passive state differed. This behavior was not seen in the grinding of pure minerals. In addition, an EDTA extraction technique was employed to quantify the amount of oxidized iron in the mill discharge. The amount of extractable iron was influenced by the same experimental factors and in the same way as the galvanic current.

关键词： steel ball galvanic interaction pyrite chalcopyrite polarization curves

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Oxidative leaching kinetics of molybdenum-uranium ore in H

T. A. Lasheen, M. E. El-Ahmady, H. B. Hassib, A. S. Helal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 95-102 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1317-6

摘要： The processing of molybdenum-uranium ore in a sulfuric acid solution using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant has been investigated. The leaching temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, leaching time, particle size, liquid-to-solid ratio and agitation speed all have significant effects on the process. The optimum process operating parameters were: temperature: 95°C; H O concentration: 0.5 M; sulfuric acid concentration: 2.5 M; time: 2 h; particle size: 74 μm, liquid-to-solid ratio: 14 ∶ 1 and agitation speed: 600 rpm. Under these experimental conditions, the extraction efficiency of molybdenum was about 98.4%, and the uranium extraction efficiency was about 98.7%. The leaching kinetics of molybdenum showed that the reaction rate of the leaching process is controlled by the chemical reaction at the particle surface. The leaching process follows the kinetic model 1 ? (1? ) = with an apparent activation energy of 40.40 kJ/mole. The temperature, concentrations of H O and H SO and the mesh size are the main factors that influence the leaching rate. The reaction order in H SO was 1.0012 and in H O it was 1.2544.

关键词： leaching of molybdenum leaching of uranium kinetics

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中国的小岩体岩浆矿床

汤中立

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 9-12

摘要：

我国没有发现与巨型层状岩体有关的岩浆矿床，但是在许多小岩体中，却发现了超大型和大型的岩浆矿床；提出了小岩体岩浆矿床是今后一个重要的研究和勘查方向。

关键词：小岩体岩浆矿床勘查

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Digital Mine Research and Practice Based on Mining and Metallurgy System Engineering

An-lin Shao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 67-73 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016006

摘要： Iron ore is necessarily basic raw material for industrialization and urbanization and related to the industrial distribution and development programming. The lean iron ore resource in our country is high-cost and low-efficiency, which cannot meet the demand of iron and steel industry, and even endanger the safety of industrial economy. Ansteel mining has created “grade decision-based multi-system integration” mode of mining and metallurgy system engineering and realized scale and efficient development of lean iron ore on basis of the construction of digital mines. Moreover, the “wisdom mines” was proposed and had led to the transformation and upgrading of iron developments.

关键词： exploration of lean iron ore mining and metallurgy system engineering digital mine wisdom mine

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我国黑色金属资源发展形势研判

“黑色金属矿产资源强国战略研究”专题组

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第1期页码 97-103 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.014

摘要：

作为供给侧结构性改革的先行者，中国钢铁行业积极化解过剩产能，彻底取缔“地条钢”，2016—2017年化解钢铁产能超过1.2×10⁸t，清除“地条钢”等违法产能1.4×10⁸t。当前，全球钢铁工业处于产能过剩周期，中国钢铁消费由持续增长向“峰值平台区”转变，单位GDP粗钢消费强度回落，单位投资粗钢消费强度下降，预计到2025年国内粗钢消费需求量为6×10⁸~6.5×10⁸t，产量为6.5×10⁸~7.0×10⁸t，到2030年，国内粗钢消费需求量为5.3×10⁸~6.0×10⁸t，产量为5.9×10⁸~6.5×10⁸t。与此同时，我国废钢资源供给量将快速增加，未来充足的废钢资源将是我国钢铁工业强有力的支撑，铁素资源构成也将发生重大变化，国际铁矿石资源的需求量将逐步下降，同时对于推动生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要作用。

关键词：钢铁废钢铁矿石峰值平台区

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21世纪以来全球矿业形势回顾与展望

闫卫东,郭娟,徐曙光,林博磊,孙春强

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第1期页码 61-67 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.009

摘要：

21世纪以来，全球矿业随世界经济周期性波动，中国推动世界矿业发展。全球矿产勘查开发总体投入不足，新发现减少。世界矿产品消费普遍上升，锂、钴等新能源新材料矿产品需求呈现爆发式增长。矿业公司由大规模扩张转为资产重构，投资更加谨慎。矿产资源战略得到高度重视，矿业法律政策总体趋紧。展望未来，世界矿产品消费总体仍将持续增长，南亚地区将成为矿业投资热点，能源革命和人工智能将促进全球矿业实现飞跃，对矿业的利益诉求矛盾将进一步升级。

关键词：世界经济全球矿业石油铁铜

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我国深海矿产资源开发装备研发现状与展望

杨建民,刘磊,吕海宁,林忠钦

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 1-9 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.001

摘要：

浩瀚的大洋底部蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源，其种类多、储量大、品位高，具有巨大的开发利用前景，世界各国都在加快深海矿产资源开发装备的研制。本文系统分析了国内外深海矿产资源开发技术装备的发展现状，从基础科学问题研究、关键技术研发、海上试验验证等角度剖析我国技术装备存在的不足，总结归纳亟待解决的关键科学技术问题，并据此提出深海采矿重载作业装备、矿石输送装备、水面支持装备的发展方向。研究提出深海矿产资源开发秉持重装、协同、智能、绿色的发展理念，加速推进核心技术创新和装备自主研发；建议开展深海多金属结核开采示范工程建设，加快推动深海矿产资源开发关键技术装备研发，实现规模化海上试采，并着眼长期生产作业开展系统设计，促进商业化开采进程。

关键词：海底矿产，深海采矿，深海重载作业装备，矿石输送装备，水面支持装备

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地下矿山中深孔落矿爆破块度控制技术研究

赵艳伟,何冬梅,李祥龙,刘俊轩

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 48-52

摘要：

扇形中深孔爆破的落矿方式在大红山铜矿中的应用占总采矿量的61 %以上，但大块产出率较高严重制约着矿山供矿强度，平均大块率高达22.7 %。为了降低大块率，实现矿山生产的高效发展，提出采用环形中深孔爆破落矿工艺并进行了现场试验，试验结果表明环形中深孔爆破落矿可使平均大块率降低至10.3 %，与传统扇形中深孔落矿相比较，平均大块率降低了12.4 %，使盘区当班日供矿量增加152.29 t，增长率为51.1 %；减少了处理大块所耽误的时间和二次破碎的炸药与雷管的消耗，在提高出矿效率的同时，降低了落矿成本，取得了良好的爆破效果。

关键词：扇形中深孔爆破环形中深孔爆破大块率爆破效果

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矿山数字化信息系统及其应用研究

秦德先,陈爱兵,燕永锋,高志武,杨建宇

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第4期页码 47-53

摘要：

应用矿床数学经济模型软件包、地理信息系统软件，在PC机平台上建立了十余个矿山的数字化信息系统，并用于矿山生产动态管理、生产规划、生产方案与系统优化决策、资源的合理开发利用、老矿山边部、深部找矿增储等，有益于提高矿业开发的社会经济效益。

关键词：矿山数字化信息系统动态管理资源合理利用矿山成矿预测

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地下金属矿山无间柱连续采矿可靠性分析与设计

古德生,邓建,李夕兵

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 51-57

摘要：

针对传统的两步骤采矿存在的一系列弊端，提出地下金属矿无间柱连续采矿理论与新的工艺技术。根据试验矿山的采矿技术条件，详细叙述了无间柱连续采矿的技术思路、技术要点和工业试验回采方案。方案中临时矿壁和1分区充填体的稳定性，对管理采场地压、有效控制大量出矿时的矿石损失贫化起着决定性作用。本文建立了临时矿壁的抗倾覆条件极限状态方程和强度条件极限状态方程，进行了临时矿壁抗倾覆稳定可靠性和强度稳定可靠性的分析与设计；建立了1分区充填体的三维极限状态方程，计算出1分区充填体的可靠指标和安全系数。

关键词：地下金矿矿山无间柱连续采矿可靠性临时矿壁充填体

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铁矿粉熔态还原冶炼的新流程

许志宏,王立新,杨章远,谢裕生,胥昌第,招冀

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 69-74

摘要：

提出了一种直接用粉矿和煤的熔态还原炼铁新流程，其最大特点是消除污染产生源。为解决过去流化床铁矿粉还原技术中的粘结问题，提出了非等温渗碳的流化移动床的新方法。建议放弃一些工业化国家在熔化气化炉中发展二次燃烧率的指导思想，代之以系统的能量最佳利用原理。提出直接采用粉矿、综合利用尾气和利用高炉下部还原机制的具体建议，用以实现冶金与化工系统的集成，保证系统在技术和经济上成功。为了适应经济全球化的形势发展，建议以自力更生和引进国外技术与资金相结合的方式，促进熔态还原和其他冶金新技术在我国早日成功。

关键词：熔态还原粉末流化移动床环境保护技术改造